Picture-slide controller for stereopticons.



V. FREDERIKSEN.

PICTURE SLIDE CONTROLLER FOR STEREOPTICONS.

APPLICATION mu) SEPT. 29, I913.

1, 141,456. Patented June 1, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

wi l neoow THE NORRIS FPTFPS COvv PHOTO'LITHO" WASHINGTON, D.

v. FREDERIKSEN. PICTURE suoE comnouan FOR STEREOPTICONS. APPLICATIONFILED SEPT- 29| 19!?!- 1,141,456, Patented June 1, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- INI NORRIS PITl-RS CU" PHOTU-LITHO. WASHINGTUN. D. C.

V. FREDERIKSEN. P|CT-URE SLIDE CONTROLLER FOR STEREOPTICONS. APPLICATIONFILED SEPT. 29, I913.

1 l 4 1 ,456 Patented June 1, 1915.

76 az Y & L 80 y; E J 81 uNIGu 4 awuemto'a mh/tmaoow a X W THE NORRISPETERS CO.. PHOT0-LITHO., WASHINGTON, D. C

s'ra'rns N1 FFTQE. I

VICTOR FREDERIKSEN, or ROANOKE, VIRGINIA.

PICTURE-SLIDE CONTROLLER FOR STEREOPTIGONS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented 11116 1, 1915..

Application filedseptember 29, 1913. Serial No. 792,884.

7 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VICTOR FREDn'RIKsEN, a subject of Christian X, Kingof Denmark, residing at Roanoke, in the county of .Roa-

noke and State of Virginia, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Picture-Slide Controllers for Stereopticons, of whichthe following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide convenient means for changingthe slides of stereopticons, and relates particularly to improvements inthe device for which patent was granted to Arthur K. WVait,

#828790, August 14, 1906. In this device it was necessary to operate themechanism by hand or external power. In the machine of my invention I amenabled to operate the successive movements by electromagnets.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my invention in which theslide drum and the electromagnets and their connections are removed.Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same with the slide drum andthe,

' electromagnets in place. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken a on avertical plane through the center of the slide drum. Fig.

4 is a detail view, in perspective, of the cross head as used in thismachine. Fig. 5.is a part longitudinal section taken through the centerof the cross head, and Fig 6 is an en larged part section showing'thecross head raised and ready for a partial revolution. of the slide drum.Fig. 7 is an enlarged side elevation of-the ratchet'escapement on thedrum shaft and Fig. 8 a partial plan view of the main ratchet pawlshowing the escapement pins. Fig. 9 isa wiring diagram for the devicewhen controlled by hand and Fig. 10 is a wiring diagram when controlled.by a time clock.

Referring now to the drawings in which like parts are given the samereference numbers wherever they occur, 1 represents a stereopticon withadjusting rods 2 for the bellows 3. At 4 is an openingin the storeopticon for the admission of the 7 picture slides. At 5 is a base uponwhich is placed the stereopticon and various parts of the mechanism ofmy invention. At 6 and 7 are provided side frames which are tiedtogether by means of tie bars 8, and 8 transversely of the machine. Theside frames are provided with feet 9 at their forward ends forattachment to the base 5 by means of the screws 10. Mounted above thestereopticon between the frames 6 and 7 is adrum of the nuts 18 and 19.A rubber sleeve 17' 1s placed around the central portion of the.

shaft 12 in order to prevent the slides from being wedged into thebottom of the slide grooves. In order to secure uniform pressure againstthe heads 15 and 16, washers 20 and 21 are interposed between the saidnuts 18 and 19 and the heads 15 and 16. One end of the shaft 12 extendsthrough the journal 14 in the side frame 7 and to the projecting end issecured a pair of reversely disposed ratchet wheels 22 and 23 which area part of the operating mechanism which will be hereinafter described. 7

In order to provide means for receiving the pictureslides in the drum 11one side of each of the heads 15 and 16 is provided with a plurality ofradial grooves 24 which are disposed at*equal intervals about the fullcircumference of the heads. The heads, in being assembledon the shaft 12are placed with the radial grooves turned inwardly, the grooves in onehead being located immediately in line, transversely,with the grooves inthe other head, the two sets of grooves thus forming. a series of guidesfor the said picture slides, the edges of which are retained in the saidgrooves. In Fig. 2 these grooves 24 are shown as being formed only 1nthe lower portions of'the heads, but in reality they are similarlydisposed for the full circumference.

About the lower half of the outer periphcry of the drum 11 are placedtwo guards the various picture slides in the grooves are in turn broughtinto position over the cross head 27 in the guide 26, they are firstlowered into the path of the light of the stereopticon and then returnedinto the grooves 24 of the drum. The drum then makes another .partialrevolution, bringing another slide into position over the cross headwhen the operation is'repeated. In lowering a'picture slide on the crosshead, however, the travel of the cross head is so achusted that when thepicture slide is in the lowest position of its travel the upper portionof the slide will still extend slightly into the grooves of the drum asshown in Fig. 3. This will insure that when the cross head'is raised thepicture slide will return to its normal position 'inthe grooves. I i

The cross head 27 is shown in detail in Fig. 4. This cross head issubstantially a bar, extending transversely of the machine,

the ends being formed in the shape ofshort the dotted lines at 29 showthe position the 32 between the forked ends of the bracket 31- pictureslide might assume were it not for thesesstrips.

position in the top-of the guide 26, the dotted lines at the bottomindicating its position when at-the bottom of the guide. This figurealso shows in detail the method of supf porting the guards' 25, which isdone by riveting them to the tie bar 8.

Themechanism used for raising and low- 'ering the cross head 27 will nowbe described. Secured to the base 5 by the bolts 30 is alb'racket 31whose upper portion is bifurcated, and is'adapted to receive a shaft,32. v The shaft 32, which is journaled in the bracket. 31 extends outslightly beyond the bracket at each side. Journaled on the shaft isahorizontally disposed lever 33. This lever is forked at its front end,the branches 34'and 35 being disposed at either side of thestereo'pticon. The extreme forward ends of the branches 34 and 35 of thelever 33 are provided with oblong slots 36 which are adapted to receivethe cylindrical ends of the cross head 27 the length of the slots 36being such as to allow for the increased distance between the center ofthe shaft 32 and the cross head 27 when the latter is moved upward inthe guide 26. On the rear end of the lever 33 is a movable counterweight37 while at the rear extremity of the lever 33 is an electric contactpiece 38 adapted to' make a contact with an electric terminal 39 on thebase 5 when the front end of the lever 33 is raised and the rear end ofthe same depressed. It will ofcourse be understood that. this contactmight be located on any other suitable part of the mechanism, as forexample on the cross head 27 'witho'ut departing from the spirit of myinvention.

TllBlOWGIjGIId of a link 40 is attached to the lever 33 at 41, betweenthe fulcrum point on 'theqshaft 32 and the front. end of the lever. I r

Attached to the frame cross tie 8 is an electro-magnet 42. The lowercore 43v of this electromagnet carries the winding 47, while the uppercore 44 forms a fulcrum 45for a bell crank lever 46, the vertical arm48of the bell crank lever forming the movable arma- Y ture oftheelectromagnet.

When an electric current is passed through the coil47 of the magnet thedepending end 48 of the bell crank lever 46 will bedrawn in against theend of'the lower core 43, and the lever, fulcruming about 45 willraisethe link 40 which isattached to the lever 46 at 4 9. The link 40will in turn raise the front endof the lever 33, which movement willraise the cross head 27 togetherwith the picture slide resting upon it.I

The mechanism for revolving the drum ll will now be'described. Attachedto the side frame 7 and disposed slightly outside of the same .isan'electromagnet 50.] The lower V core 52 of this electromagnetlcarriesthe In Fig. 5 is shown the cross head 27 in winding 55, while the upper,core 51 forms a At 58 abracket 59 is attached vto the side frame 7,. totheupper end of which is pivoted a ratchet pawl 6O at'61. This ratchetpawl is adapted to engage the teeth of thepreviously, mentioned ratchetwheel 23. Laterally of the machine, the ratchet pawl 60 is located justoutside of the ratchet pawl 57. At62fand 63 are pins or projections onthe ratchet pan/.157 so disposed that they will strike the ratchetpawl60 so as'to bring it into and out of'engagement respectively withtheteeth vofthe'ratchet wheel 23. Fig.

7 shows this ratchet mechanism in detail, in

which figure the full lines indicate the positions of the parts at thebeginning of a for ward stroke and the dotted lines theirpositions at:the end of a forward stroke. The

action of these ratchets will be readily understood by reference to thedrawings, the purpose of the ratchet wheel 22 and the pawl 57being torevolve the drum 11 for a portion of a revolution and-the purpose of theratchet wheel 23 and the pawl 60 being to limit the extent of thismovement and to stop the drum in a position so as to bring a pictureslide immediately over the cross head In orderthat the movement of thedrum 11 may be, stopped by the pawl 60 against a tooth of the ratchetwheel 23 and not by the pin 62 pressing against the pawl 60, a spring64: is attached to the pawl 60. .a This spring 64 is so disposed thatthe pawl 57 may continue for a short distance forward after the pin 62has pushed the pawl 60 against the ratchet wheel 23, thereby insuringthatthe movement will be finally stopped, as before stated, by theratchet wheel 23 and pawl 60. i In order that the, stereopticon may bereadily removed to be cleaned or for other purposes, the rear endsof theside frames 6 and 7 are secured to the projectingends of the shaft 32.When the screws 10 are loosed the front end of the device may be swungupward out of the slot in the stereopticon, as shown in dotted by linesinFig; 2, whenthe same may be readily removed from the base5. V

In order that the device may be operated at a distance, as by a lecturerbefore an audience, I provide a system of electrical control as shown inFig. In this arrangement the switch '65 connects the wiring of thismachine with an external electrical.

source, and from this switch the Wires are carried to the junctionpoints 66 and 67 Acrossthe points 66 and 67 is wired the electric light68 for'the stereopticon. The

entire diagram will be readily understood. by a description of theoperation'as follows.

The mechanism is at rest in a position Where the cross head 27 isat'the-bottom of its travel with a picture slide inthe path of the lightof the stereopticon, and the operator desires to show a diiferentpicture. He closes an electrical circuit by means of the key 69 andholds this key down for a short interval until the parts perform theirmovements as follows: through the key 69 excites the electromagnet 42,the end 48 of the lever 46 is drawn in against 43 and the lever 46,fulcruming about 45 raises the link 40'and it in turn the,

front end of the lever 33. The'upward movement of this end of the lever33 will, through the crosshead 27 return the just used picture slideinto its pair of grooves in ll hen the front end of the lever 33 hasmoved upward a correct distance to return the picture slide, the rearend of the lever 33 has moved downward enough to make contact betweenthe contact piece 38 and the terminal 39, thus automatically closing thecircuit to the electromagnet 50. 'The electromagnet being now excited,the lower end of the lever5l will be drawn in against the core 52 andthe drum 11 will be revolved a portion of a revolution through theaction of the ratchet pawl 57 on the ratchet wheel 22, the motion of thedrum being arrested by the pawl 60 in such a position that the nextpicture slide will be in1- The current flowing mediately over the crosshead 27. The operator now releases the key 69, breaking the circuit tothe electromagnet 42. The combined weights of the parts on the front endof the lever 33 slightly overbalancing the weights on the rear end ofthe same, the cross head 27 will descend in the guide 26 and thus bringthe new picture slide into the path of the light ofpthe stereopticon. Atthe same timethe ratchet pawl 57 will be drawn back into position for anew forward movement by the action of thespring 5? on the lever 54-. Theentire mechanism is now in position for another change of pictureslides.

"lVhile the lever 33 is shown and described asbeing drawn up at theforward end by the electromagnet 42 and dropping by gravity, yet in someinstances it might be desirable to reverse this action having theforward end raised by gravity and drawn down by the action of theelectromagnet.

In Fig. 10 is shown a diagram of the wiring in cases where it is desiredto operate the machine automatically from a clock, as for example, indisplaying advertisements and changing them at regular intervals. Inthis arrangement the switch may remain continuously in the closedposition as shown in the diagram. Ailixed to the hour hand stem of theclock is a disk which is profided withanextended portion 71 adapted tobecontacted by a suitable brush 72. This brush 72 may be in contact withthe disk for any length of time desired, the disk shown being arrangedfor operation from 8 oclock to 12 oclock at night. During this periodthe current from the batteries 73 will excite the relay 74:, and thearmature 75 will be drawn against the contact 76, thereby cutting in thecurrent from the outside source to operate the mechanism as previouslydescribed, when the electromagnets 4L2 and 50 are periodically excited.For the purpose of periodically exciting these-electromagnets theordinary second hand of the clock is replaced by a disk 77 which isprovided with a projection 78 adapted to be contacted by a brush 79.l/Vhen these arein contact current from the line will pass through therelay 80 when the armature 81 will be drawn over against the contact 82which will complete the circuit to the electromagnet l2. The operationof the mechanism from this on is identical with that already describedin connection with the diagram shown in Fig. 9.

In order that the several movements required to effect a change ofpicture slides may be completed, the peripheral length of the projection78 on the disk 77 willbe such that the relay 80 will be excited for asufiicient length of time to complete the necessary mechanical movementsof replacing a slide and revolving the drum 11 when the contact will bebroken between the projeotion 78 and the brush 79.- Current no longerflowing through the relay 80, the armature 81 will be pulled back by the1 spring 83 and the circuit to the electromagnet l2 will be brokenwhich, as already described, Will allow the front end of the lever 33 todescend bringing a new picture slide into the path of the light of thestereopticon. At the same time thecontactjbetween the contact piece '38and theterminal39 will be broke'n and currentno longer flowing throughthe electromagnet 50, the lever54t Willbe' drawn 'into'position for thene t partial revolution of the-drum 11, by'the action of the spring '54.

" It Will of course be understood that more than-one change of picturesmay be effected in one minute by providing a corresponding number of theprojections 78 onthedisk 77.

In order that the current for the relay SO may'be at a low potentialatransformer slides from said grooves into and out of the path of thelight of thestere'opticon, an elec- 5 tromagnet adapted to move saidcross-head,

and a second electromagnet adapted to retion, the movement of the saidcross-head by the first electromagne being further'adapted to completethe electric circuit to the said "second electromagnet.

2. In a picture slide controller'for stereopticons the combination of adrumhav ing grooves adapted to receive picture slides,

of the light of the stereopticon and then a cross head adapted to conveythe picture slides from said grooves first into the path back into thesaid grooves, an electromagnet adapted to move the said cross head, anelectric circuit adapted to be alternately opened and closed by themovement of said cross head when it conveys a'picture slide into and outof the path of the light of the stereopticon' respectively and a secondelectromagnet embraced. in the said electric circuit and adapted torevolve the said drum for a portion of a revolution When the said elec-V triccircuit is closed by the aforesaid movement of the crosshead. 1

In a picture slide controller for stereop'ticons the combination of adrum having slide controller for sterevolve said drum for a portion of arevolu- V ovj adapted to receive' picture slides, a

cross headf adapted to convey' the' picture 7 slides from said groovesfirst 7 into the path oflthe light ofthe stereopticon'and then back intothe, said grooves, a lever adapted to actuatesaid cross head, anelectromagnet adapted toactuate the said lever, a second electromagnetadapted to revolve the afore-- said drum for a portion of arevolutioma'nd means i for alternately opening, and closing the electriccircuit to the said second electromagnet from the movements of theaforew7 said lever. a

" 4:. In a picture slide controllerfor stereopa ticons the combinationof 'a drum having grooves adapted toreceive' picture slides, ahorizontally d sposed lever pivoted below said drum, said leverheingbifurcated at its forward end, a cross head, carried in the arms of saidlever and adapted to alternately rise and fall in guideslwiththeforwardends grooves in the said drum when in th e upper most position ofits travel, 'anelectromagnet adapted to actuate'said lever,"a'l secondelectromagnet adapted to revolve the said drum for a portion of arevolution each timethe said second ele'ctromagnet is excited, and meansfor closingv the electric circuit to the said second electromagnet Whenthe said cross head is in the uppermost position. of its travel. s r

In a picture slidecontroller for stereopticons the combination of adrumhaving grooves adapted to receive picture slides said of said lever, thesaid cross head being fur-r ther adapted to receive a picture slide fromdrum being mounted on a horizontal shaft,

across head adapted to convey the picture slides from said grooves firstinto" the path of the light of thefstereopticon and then back into thesaid grooves, a horizontally disposed lever adapted to actuate saidcross head, an electromagnet adapted to actuate the said lever, a pairof re'versely disposed ratchet wheels *mounted on theishaftiof the saiddrum, ratchet pavvls adaptedto engage the teeth of the said ratchetWheels, a second electromagnet adapted, to move the firstof the saidratchet paWls torevolve the said drum for a portion'of a "revolution,and projections on the first of the said ratchet pavvls adapted to forcethe second of the said ratchet paWls into or out of engagement ith'theteeth of the second of the aforesaid ratchet heels to limit the movementof the said drum. V

6, In a picture slide controller for stereopticons the combination, of adrum having grooves adapted toreceive picture slides, a cross-headadapted to'convey the picture slides from said grooves first into thepath of the light of the stereopticon and then back into the saidgrooves, a lever adapted to actuate said cross-head an electromagnetadapted to actuate the said lever, a'second eleotromagnet adapted torevolve the aforesaid drum for a portion of a revolution, a

electromagnets may be alternately opened and closed, and electriccontacts whereby the circuit to the second of the aforesaidelectromagnets may be alternately opened and closed, said contacts beingalternately engaged and disengaged by the movements of the said lever.

7. In a picture slide controller for stereopticons the combination of adrum having grooves adapted to receive picture slides, a cross-headadapted to convey the picture slides from said grooves first into thepath of the light of the stereopticon and then back into the saidgrooves, a lever adapted to actuate said cross-head, an electro-magnetadapted to actuate the said lever, a second electromagnet adapted torevolve the aforesaid drum for a portion of a revolution,

a clock having contacts thereon whereby the electric circuit to thefirst of the aforesaid electromagnets may be alternately opened andclosed, electric contacts whereby the circuit to the second of theaforesaid electromagnets may be alternately opened and closed, saidcontacts being alternately engaged and disengaged by the movements ofthe said lever, and a clock having contacts thereon whereby the electriccircuit from an external source may be opened and closed to cut in andout the entire operation of the machine.

8. Ina picture slide controller for stereopticons the combination of adrum having grooves adapted to receive picture slides, a cross headadapted to convey the picture slides from said grooves into and out ofthe path of the light of the stereopticon, and transverse deflectingstrips attached to the upper surface of said cross head, substantiallyas described.

9. In a picture slide controller for stereopticons, the combination of adrum having grooves adapted to receive picture slides, a cross headadapted to convey the picture slides from said grooves into and out ofthe path of the light of the stereopticon, concentric guards about thelower half of the periphery of the said drum, said guards being carrieddownward immediately under the center of the drum and adapted to form aguide for the said cross head, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

VICTOR FREDERIKSEN.

Witnesses:

T. H. Corn, J. G. SOOTTS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C,

